i ami am not afraidd neither day is possible.这句是什么从句啊

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新目标英语八年级下册知识讲解包括练习题&Units&9-10
新目标英语八年级下册知识讲解包括练习题 Units 9-10
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an
amusement park?
  【单元目标】
  Ⅰ.单词与短语
  neither  amusement  discover  especially  attendant  travel 
population  character
  fear type  awake  environment temperature  theme  attraction 
route  board 
  cruise  boat southeast  quarter  brave  excellent  natural 
whenever  season dark
  have a great time       玩的愉快
  take a ride          兜风
  end up             结束
  on board            在船(飞机、火车)上
  exchange student        交换生
  take a holiday         休假;度假
  three quarters         四分之三
  all year round         一年到头;终年
  have…problem(in) doing sth. 做某事遇到问题
  be close to          接近,靠近
  think of/about doing sth.   考虑或打算做某事
  argue with sb.         与人争吵
  Ⅱ.目标句型:
  1. —Have you ever been to…?
    —Yes,I have. /No,I haven’t.
  2. I/He/She has / have never been to…
  3. Where have you been?
  4. Where do you want to go?
  5. How long have you been doing…?
  6. What do you like best about doing sth.?
  7. What kind of job do you want?
  8. How do/did you do sth.?
  9. How do you spell your name?
  Ⅲ.语法
  现在完成时
  A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动
&&&&&&作或状态。
    如:
    The car has arrived.车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)
    Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)
    现在完成时句子通常有recently,lately,since,for,in the past few
months/years等词做时间状
    肯定形式:have/has + done
    否定形式:have/has + not +done
    一般疑问句:have或has放于句首。
  B.现在完成时的用法
  1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响。所以常常后面不用时间状语。现在完成
时所表的动作离说话人的说话时刻可近可远。
    如:
    He has gone to London. (说话人认为他不在该地)
    He has been to London. (说话人认为他在该地)
  2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间
的状语或so far,now,today,this week (month,year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。
    例如:
    He has studied English for 5 years.
    He has studied English since 2001.
    Now I have finished the work.
    注意:
   表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间
的词连用。
  3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。
    例如:
    I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
    If it has stopped snowing in the morning,we will go to the
  【重点词语】
   1.record 
  (1)record作名词,表示“记录”
    This is a record of school attendance.这是一份学生考勤记录。
    He kept a record of what the speaker
sail.他把说话人所说的话都记录了下来。
  (2)record作名词还可表示“有关某人或某物过去的已知事实;档案记录”。
    He has an honorable record of service.他有光荣的服务记录。
  (3)record作动词,表示“写出以作参考、记录”。
    例如:
   The tape recorder has recorded his voice. 录音机已经录下了他的声音。
   Listen to the speaker carefully and record what he says.
仔细听讲,然后记下他所说的话。
  2. have been to表示“到(去)过某处”,现在已不在那个地方。
    如:
    He has been to England.他曾到过英国。(现在已经不在英国了)
    Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你到过长城吗?(现在已经不在长城上)
    have gone to表示“去了某处”,“到某处去了”,现在已不在说话的地点了。
    如:
    He has gone to England。
    他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方,到达英国或者在去英国的路上)
  3. time
  n. [U] 时间,时候
    如:
    Time never stands still.时间不会停滞不前。
    The time has come for us to speak out.是我们大胆讲话的时候了。
  n. [C] 一段时间,时刻
    如:
    You have taken a long time writing the
letter. 你用了很长时间写这封信。
    We had a good time together.我们一起度过了愉快的时光。
  n. (多用复数)时代
    如:
    He is one of the best actors in modern
times.他是现代最好的演员之一。
    In Shakespeare’s time there were no actresses on the English
    莎士比亚时代英国舞台上没有女演员。
  n. 次;倍
    如:
    This is the first time that I have ever been
abroad.这真是我第一次出国。
    Your room is three times the size of mine.你的房间是我的三倍大。
    注意:
    作“倍,次”,必须用于“三次(倍)”以上,一、二次(倍)用once,twice表示。
  4. attract
  (1)用作及物动词,可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
    The noise attracted his attention.喧嚷声引起了他的注意。
  (2)attract常用于be attracted to sb / sth结构,意为“喜爱某人或某物”。
    I’m very attracted to her. 我非常喜欢她。
  5. discover 
  (1)作“发现”讲时,作及物动词,后跟名词作宾语,指的是那些原来已存在的,但不为人知的物或事等
    They discovered him stealing public
property.他们发现他盗窃公共财产。
    Who discovered the America?谁发现了美洲?
  (2)discover还可意为“知道事实,答案”
    I soon discovered the truth.不久我便知道了真相。
  6. one…the other表示“(两者中的)一个……另一个”,该短语是代词短语,强调两个当中的一个……另
一个……。注意其基数必须是两个。
    I have two sister. One is a doctor, and the other is a
teacher. 我有两个姐姐,一个是医生,
一个是老师。
    Hold it in this hand,not the other.用这只手握着,不要用那只手。
  7. for example表示“例如……”,该短语常用在句中作插入语,用于举例说明情况,可放在句首、句中或
句末,但常用逗号与正文隔开。常置于句首。
    We feed many animals,for example,cows,pigs,dogs,horses
    我们喂养很多的动物,例如奶牛、猪、狗、马等等。
    For example,Jack Booth,a 21-year-old man,gave up his job in
San Francisco Library a
year ago.  
    例如,21岁的杰克·布斯在一年前放弃了他在旧金山图书馆的工作。
    For example,I know the film star Zhang
Ziyi.譬如,我认识电影明星章子怡。
  8. mean
  (1)mean作及物动词,意为“意思是,意味着”。
    What does this word mean? 这个单词是什么意思?
  (2)mean意为“意思是……”,还可跟that引导的宾语从句。
    例如:
    The teacher meant that you must listen carefully in
    老师的意思是你上课必须认真听讲。
  (3)mean还可意为“意味着……”,后跟动名词作宾语。
    What he said means sending you to the
hospital.他说的话得意思着要送你去医院。
  (4)mean还可意为“打算,意图”,后跟动词不定式作宾语。
    例如:
    I don’t mean to hurt you.我并无意伤害你。
    What do you mean to do next?你下一步打算做什么?
  9. own
  (1)own意为“自己的,特有的”,常与名词所有格连用,起加强语气的作用。
    It’s nice if I can have my own room.    我要是能有自己的房间就好了。
  (2)own作代词,意为“属于某人之物”,相当于一个名词性物主代词。
    Those books belong to the library but this is my own.
    那些书是图书馆的,但这本是我自己的。
  (3)own还可作动词,表示“拥有,有”。
    We don’ we own it.我们的房子不是租的,是我们自己的。
  (4)own作动词,还可表示“承认,自白”。
    He owned to have done it. 他承认曾经干过这件事。
  10. ask for表示“要求,请求”。
   Bill did a lot for me without asking for any
reward比尔为我做了许多事,没要任何报酬。
   Don't serve water at meals unless someone asks for
it.除非有人要,就餐时不要端水上去。
   I've asked for an interview with the manager. 我已请求与经理见面。
   If you get into difficulties,don't hesitate to ask for
   如果你陷入困境,应立即去请求建议。
If I had asked for direction,I wouldn't have lost my way.
我要问一问方向的话,就不会迷路了。
  【重难点分析】
  1.——Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾去过水上公园吗?
    ——No,I haven’t.不,没去过。
    ——Me,neither. 我也没去过。
  (1)have been to表示某人“去过某地,现在已经回来了”,可用于各种人称。
    I have been to the Summer Palace.我去过颐和园。
    Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾经去过上海吗?
    I have never been to the city.我从没去过那座城市。
  (2)副词ever意为“曾经,以前,无论何时”表示一个不确定的时间。主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句、
比较句等。
    Have you ever been to Paris?你曾去过巴黎吗?
    We hardly ever go out at night.我们晚上很少出去。
  (3)本句中Me,neither. 是口语化的简略回答。一般情况下用Neither have I,为“neither +
系/助/情态动词+主语”结构,neither在此意为“也不……”,表示主语所做的动作与前面提到过的人或事相同,是为了避免语言重复,其中的系/助/情态动词在时态上与前一句保持一致,而在数上要与其后的主语一致。例如:
    — I can’t swim. 我不会游泳。— Neither can I. 我也不会。
    I don’t want to go, neither will I. 我不想去,也不会去。
    He didn’t go to school. Neither did she.他没去上学,她也没去。
  (4)若在肯定句中表示“也……”,则要用“so +系/助/情态动词”。
    I am a student,so is my sister.我是学生,我妹妹也是学生。
    He can swim,so can I.他会游泳,我也会。
    I feel happy,so does he.我高兴,他也高兴。
  2. All the houses look like houses in Holland.
    所有的房子看起来像荷兰的房子。
    句子look是系动词,后跟介词短语作表语。look like表示“像,与……相似”是一动词短语。
    He looks so much like his brother that people often mistake
them for each other.
    他和他弟弟十分相像,人们常错认他们。
    These houses look exactly like each other,which makes the
street look very dull.
    这些房屋一模一样,使这条街显得单调乏味。
  3. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald
Duck, and many other famous Disney
characters. 我们大部分人可能都听说过米老鼠、唐老鸭还有其他许多有名的迪士尼人物。
  (1)hear of为动介结构,后面常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,表示听到有关某事的消息或情况。
    They have never heard of that.他们从未听说过那件事。
    hear of后一般不接从句,要接从句时,则不用of。例如:
    I heard our Chinese teacher was ill.我听说我们的语文教师病了。
  (2)probably表示“可能”,是一种推测。
    He will probably succeed.他很可能会成功。
  4. I want to study in an English-speaking
country.我想到一个说英语的国家深造。
  (1)want to do sth 意为“想要做某事”。
    Did you want to tell me something? 你想告诉我些什么吗?
  (2)English-speaking是合成形容词,表示“说英语的”,注意spoken
English表示“英语口语”。
  5. I've never been to an amusement park like it before.
我以前从未去过那样的露天游乐场。
  (1)副词never作“永不,决不”解,表示全部否定,一般指经常性的状态,不用于修饰一次性的具体动作;
一般位于系动词及助动词之后,实义动词之前,如修饰动词不定式或分词,则要放在不定式或分词之
前;never可用于句首加强语气,其后的句子要主谓倒装。
    I can never understand why Mary said nothing about her
    我绝不理解玛丽说的她什么也没有做错。
    I hope never to see him again.我希望再也不要见到他。
    He is never late for class.他上课从不迟到。
    Never have l seen such a strange person.我从来没看见过这样的怪人。
  (2)before用作副词表示“以前”。泛指“以前”时,谓语动词可用一般过去时表示过去发生过,,也可用
现在完成时则表示对现在的影响。用于特指时通常置于表示具体时间的名词之后。
    We saw that film before.那部电影我们以前看过。
    I have never seen such a beautiful scene.我从来没有见过这样美丽的景象。
    It came across my mind that l had met him somewhere
    我突然意识到我曾在什么地方见过他。
  6. Here's what two of our students said about our school.
    这里就是两个我们的学生所说的关于我们学校的情况。
  (1)这是一个含有主语从句的倒装的主从复合句。连接代词what既引导主语从句,又在从句中作said的宾
    What he said is true.他所说的是真的。
    What l need most is your help.我最需要的是你的帮助。
    What we need badly are more teachers.我们急需的是更多的老师。
  (2)副词here置于句首要用倒装语序,主语为代词部分倒装,主语为名词全部倒装。
    Here it is.给你。
    Here is a letter for you.这是给你的来信。
    Here comes the bus!汽车来了!
    Here's the book you're looking for.这就是你正在找的书。
    Here he comes!他来了!
  7. It was because I could speak English that I got the
    正是因为我会讲英语我才得到了这份工作。
    这是一个强调结构,强调原因状语从句。强调结构的句式是“It+be+被强调成分+that…”。被强调的是
简单句的主语、宾语、宾补或状语,不能强调谓语、定语或表语。强调对象是人作主语时可用who,作宾
语时用whom,其余一律用that。
    It was my father who/that did the experiment in the lab
yesterday evening.
    正是父亲昨天晚上在实验室作实验。
    It was at the gate of the school I met Tom.正是在校门口我见到汤姆。
    It was last week that l attended an art exhibition for the
first time.
    是上周我才第一次参观一个艺术展览。
    It was not until he broke my favorite vase that l flew into
    我是在他打碎了我的花瓶时才生气的。
    It was because he was ill that he didn't come to the school
yesterday.
    正是因为他病了昨天才没来上学。
  【词语辨析】
  1. hear,hear of与hear from
  (1)hear为及物动词,意为“听见,听到”,后可跟复合宾语,hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做了某事”
或hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正做某事”。
    We listened but could hear nothing.我们留心听,却什么也没有听见。
    I heard her singing in her room.我听见她正在房间里唱歌。
  (2)hear还可作“听说”讲,后常跟that引导的宾语从句。
    I heard that he was ill.我听说他病了。
    I heard that it’s a good film.我听说那是部好影片。
  (3)hear of意为“听说”,后跟人或物作宾语。
    I’ve never heard of that place.我从未听说过那个地方。
    Have you ever heard of that story? 你听说过那个故事吗?
  (4)hear from意为“收到某人的来信”,后跟人作宾语。
    How often do you hear from your sister?你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信?
    I heard from him last week.我上周收到他的信。
  2. find,find out与look for都含有“寻找,找到”的意思,但其含义和用法却不同。
  (1)find意为“找到,发现”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况,强调的是
找的结果。
    Will you find me a pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗?
    He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。
  (2)look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。
    I don’t find my pen;I’m looking for it
everywhere.我没有找到我的钢笔,我正到处找。
    He is looking for his shoes.他在找他的鞋子。
  (3)find out意为“找出,发现,查明”,多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,弄明白”,通
常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
    Please find out when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。
    Read this passage,and find out the answer to this
    读这篇短文,找出这个问题的答案。
  3. already,still与yet
  (1)already用于肯定的陈述句,也可用于疑问句,表示期待肯定回答,或表示惊讶。或用于否定句,也带有
否定含义。
    When I arrived, he was already there.我到达时,他已在那儿了。
    Is it six o’clock already?已经到6点钟了吗?
  (2)still通常置于句子中间,意为“仍然,依旧”。例如:
    She still doesn’t understand. 她仍然不明白。
  (3)still还可作形容词,意为“静止”。例如:
    The soldier stood there still.那位士兵站在那一动不动。
  (4)yet与already意思相近,一般用于否定句和疑问句中,常置于主要动词之前或句末。例如:
    We have not yet been there.我们还没有到过那儿。
  4. other,others,the other,the others,another,any other,any
  (1)other作形容词,通常用在单数或复数名词的前面,意为“别的;其他的;另外的”。
    I'll come again some other day.我改日再来。
  (2)others(=other+复数名词) 泛指“部分”含义,用于已知的一些人或物中,除去某些后余下的人或物中
的一部分。
    The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some
are carrying water,others are
sweeping the floor. 四班的学生们在打扫教室。一些人在打水,另一些人在扫地。
  (3)the other
    the other表示已知的两个(或两部分)人或事物中,特指的“另一个”或“另一些”,其后可跟单数或
复数名词。
    I have two brothers. One is a doctor,and the other is a
teacher. 
    我有两个兄弟。一位是医生,另一位是教师。
  (4)the others(=the other+复数名词)指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后,“余下的人或物的全部”。
    This composition is better than the
others.   这篇作文比其他那些都好。
  (5)another泛指不定数中(三者或三者以上)的“另一个”。another前面不能用定冠词the,它作为限定词
(定语)通常与单数名词连用,但是它后面可以跟few或基数词的复数名词。
    This glass is broken,get me another
please.这只玻璃杯坏了,请给我再拿一个。
    I'll stay here in another few days.我要在这儿再呆几天。
    注意:other和another都可以用来修饰数词,表示“另外的;附加的”,但是结构不同。other的位置是
“数词+other+复数名词”,相当于more的用法;而another则是“another+数词+复数名词”。
    今天下午我又写了两封信。
    I wrote another two letters this afternoon.
    =I wrote two other letters this afternoon.
    =I wrote two more letters this afternoon.
  (6)any other 表示一个之外的其它任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。
  (7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。
【习题检测】
  一. 单项选择
  1. It ___________ that he has been ill for a long time.
  A. seems  B. looks  C. looks as if  D. seems as if
  2. - Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?    - I'm afraid ____
day is possible.
  A. either    B. neither  C. some    D. any
  3. Rose ____ an old friend of ____ when she was walking along
the street.
  A. met;her    B. saw;her  C. met;hers    D. saw;herself
  4. - ____ have you done with your mobile phone?    - I've ____
someone to mend it.
  A. What;asked     B. How;told  C. What;hoped     D.
How;wanted
  5. The question ____ by us soon.
  A. is going to discuss    B. will discuss  C. is going to be
  D. has been discussed
  6. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last
three years.
  A. have set up  B. have been set up  C. were set up  D. set
  7. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools ____.
  A. have taken,have been opened  B. take,are open  C. are
taken,open     
  D. have been taken,are opened
  8. I’ll go to meet you,if I _______________ free then.
  A. will be  B. would be   C. am       D. was
  9. This shirt is so nice,but it _________ too much.
  A. pays   B. costs   C. takes   D. spends
  10. Where were you __________________?
  A. an hour ago   B. before an hour  C. at times     D. an hour
  11. This pair of trousers is too big. I want _____ pair.
  A. other     B. the other    C. others     D. another
  二. 阅读理解
  Mrs. Black lived in a town. Her husband had a few shops there
and they wore nice clothes and ate the best food. She had some
servants(佣人) and never did anything at home. In the evening she
often watched TV and went to bed late at night. She never took any
exercise. And she was getting fatter and fatter. It worried her and
she had to see a doctor one day. The doctor looked her over
carefully and said,“I'm sorry,madam. Nobody can help you! I'm sure
you'll die in a month!”
  Hearing this,the woman was very sad. She got home and ate or
drank nothing. She cried and cried and couldn't sleep at night.
Nobody could comfort(安慰) her,and she didn't listen to them and
refused to see the other doctors. And a month later she didn't feel
well but didn't die. She became angry and went to the doctor's
  “You said I was going to die,didn't you?”said the woman.
  “Yes,madam.”answered the doctor.
  “You were wrong,sir! Look! I'm here again!”
  “But I cured(治愈) you,”said the doctor. “Aren't you thinner
  1. Mrs. Black did nothing at home because _________.
  A. she was very busy  B. the servants did all for her
  C. she often felt unwell  D. her husband did all instead
  2. Which of the following is wrong? Mrs. Black got fatter
because ________.
  A. she wore the nice clothes  B. she ate the best food
  C. she never took any exercise  D. she never did anything at
  3. The word “die”in the story means _________.
  A. 渴望     B. 被遗忘     C. 死     D. 殉职
  4. Mrs. Black was sad because ________.
  A. she was often tired  B. she always wanted to rest
  C. she couldn't be thinner  D. she believed(相信) the doctor
  5. ________,so she was thinner.
  A. The doctor helped Mrs. Black
  B. Mrs. Black thought she shouldn't eat or drink and she did
  C. Mrs. Black refused to see the other doctors
  D. Nobody could comfort Mrs. Black
  三. 完形填空
  There are many words in the English language. You will never
 1  the meaning of every word in English. When
you read,you will often find many  2  you do
not know. You will not have enough time to  3 
reading and try to find every new word in a dictionary.
  Sometimes you can  4  a new word because
you know some of the parts of the new word. For example,if a word
ends  5  the letters “er”,that word
 6  be the name of a  7 
or a thing that does a certain action(某个动作). A writer is a person
who writes.  8  it is not
 9  to know the parts of a new word to
understand it, 10  it will help you many
  1、A.know      B.learn      C.find      D.look up
  2、A.books     B.letters     C.stories    D.words
  3、A.stop      B.enjoy      C.keep      D.start
  4、A.find      B.get       C.study     D.guess
  5、A.in       B.off       C.up       D.with
  6、A.can      B.might      C.should     D.must
  7、A.friend     B.boy       C.person     D.girl
  8、A.Then      B.Now       C.Yet     &
D.Sometimes
  9、A.helpful    B.useful      C.enough     D.good
  10、A.but      B.and       C.so       D.for
  四. 根据对话内容,选择方框中适当的句子,使对话完整.
  Lin Tao: Hi,Sam! How are you today?
  Sam:   ___1___ What about you?
  Lin Tao: I'm OK! Are you free tomorrow?
  Sam:   ___2___
  Lin Tao: We're going to have a swim.
  Sam:   ___3___ Can I come?
  Lin Tao: Sure! Jim's coming, too.
  Sam:   ___4___
  Lin Tao: We are going to meet outside the school gate ,at two
  Sam:   OK. ___5___
  A. Fine,thanks.
  B. How much is it?
  C. Where are you going to meet?
  D. Yes. Why?
  E. Goodbye!
  F. Good idea!
  一. 单项选择
  1. A  it seems that
  2. B  afraid暗示应该是哪天都不行,应该选否定意义的neither。
  3. C  hers是名词性物主代词。
  4. A  ask sb to do sth. 要求某人做某事。
  5. C  注意用被动形式,问题应该是被讨论。
  8. 含有if条件状语从句的主从复合句,主句是将来时,if条件状语从句则必须是现在时。所以本题选C。
  9. B。“这件衬衣很棒,但是太贵”。pay和spend主语应是人,排除A,D。It takes/ took sb.
time to do sth.
“花了某人多少时间做某事”,根据上下文,题干中的it指“衬衣”,不会表示为“衬衣花多少时间”,排除C。sth. costs /cost
(sb.) money“某物花了(某人)多少钱”,题干部分应理解为“衬衣要花费太多的钱”,选B正确。
  二. 阅读理解
  1.B  2.A  3.C  4.D  5.A
  1.理解第一段第三句可知。
  2.理解第三至七句文意可知。
  3.通过第一段最后一句医生说的话及Mrs.Black 的情绪可知。
  4.医生说她将在一个月后死去,所以她很悲伤。
  5.Mrs.Black 相信医生的诊断,伤心得不吃不喝,才导致她瘦下来。
  三. 完形填空
  1—5 ADADD   6—10 BCDCA
  这是一篇讲关于如何去猜测你所不认识的英文单词。空1比较容易做出来,应该是“你不可能知道每个单词的意思”,应该选A。顺着这个思路,空2应该选D。空3考查的是stop
sth.(停止做某事)结构,答案选A。通读文章,会发现第二段开始讲如何猜测你不认识的单词词义,故空4选D。空5应该填入介词with,意思是“以…结尾”。空6表示一种猜测的语气,因此选择B。根据我们平时所积累的英语知识,以“er”结尾的名词很多都是表示做这个动作的人或物,因此空7选C。把文章最后一句话反复读几遍,能寻找出最后三个空的内在关系,即作者想说的是:尽管有时候光靠一个词的部分意思还不足以完全理解这个词,但是这种方法在很多时候还是很有用的。因此空8、9、10的答案分别是D,C,A。
  四. 1---5  ADFCE
Unit 10 It's a nice
day,isn't it?
  【单元目标】
  Ⅰ.单词与短语
  cost  cross  low  sandy slow  somewhere  review  traffic 
note  holiday elevator
  bookstore  umbrella  noon
  look through     浏览
  get along       相信
  at least       少
  be careful     & 小心;当心
  hate doing sth.    讨厌做某事
  tell sb. about sth.& 告诉某人关于某事
  Ⅱ.目标句型:
  1. It’s a nice day,isn’t it?   2. What a nice day,isn’t
  3. It looks like rain,doesn’t?  4. I hope so / not.  5. So do
  Ⅲ.语法
  反意疑问句
  反意疑问句是对陈述句所叙述的事实提出看法,问对方同不同意。它的结构由两部分组成:陈述句+简短问
句。如果前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分用否定形式;前一部分为否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式。一般
来说,简短问句主语人称的数、动词时态应和陈述部分的主语人称的数、动词时态相一致。
  Mary likes reading,doesn’t she?玛丽喜欢读书,是吧?
  (前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分用否定形式)
  Mary doesn’t like reading,does she?玛丽不喜欢读书,是吧?
  (前一部分为否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式)
  You’re a new student,aren’t you?你是新来的学生,对吧?
  (前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分用否定形式)
  You aren’t a new student,are you?你不是新来的,对吧?
  (前一部分为否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式)
  1. 如果陈述句有一个助动词(包括can,must,need等情态动词),其简短问句用同一个助动词。
    例如:
    You haven’t seen that film,have you?你没有看过那部电影,是吗?
    He can swim,can’t he?他会游泳,对吗?
如果陈述部分包含no,never,hardly,few,little,scarcely等否定词,简短问句部分应用肯定形
    例如:
    You have no time on Monday,have you?星期一你没有时间,是吗?
    He has never been to Shanghai,has he?他从没去过上海,对吗?
    They can hardly imagine how beautiful she is,can
they?他们很难想象出她是多么漂亮,是吗?
  3. 陈述句部分是there be句型时,简短问句部分也用there be。
    例如:
    There are some people in the room,aren’t there?屋里有人,是吗?
  4. 在英语口语中,I am后面的简短问句用aren't I?
    例如:
    I’m late,aren’t I?我迟到了,是吗?
  5. 当陈述句部分含有否定词如nothing,nobody等不定代词时,简短问句部分应用肯定结构。为避免重复,
用代词it来代替nothing;用they或he来代替nobody。
    例如:
    Everything goes well,doesn’t it?一切顺利,是吗?
    Everyone is here,aren’t they?(注意:此句问句与前句动词的数不一致。)
  6. 祈使句后面的简短问句使用 will you?won’t you?would you?can you?can’t
you? would
you? shall we?它们不是真正的疑问句(意为请),但常用升调。won't用于邀请;will,would,can,
can’t及shall we用来告诉人们该做什么事,表请求。
    例如:
    Do sit down,won’t you?您请坐。
    Give me a pen,will you?请给我一支笔。
    Open the door,would you?请打开门好吗?
    Let’s go together,shall we?咱们一起走吧。
  7. 在 I think,I believe,I suppose,I
guess等结构中,简短问句的主语往往与从句的主谓保持一致,
    例如:
    I think she’s out,isn’t she?我想她出去了,是吗?
    I don’t believe it’s true,is it?我认为那不是真的,对吗?
    注意:
   在回答反意疑问句的问题时,如果回答是肯定的,要用yes,否定的要用no,在第一部分是否定形式时要
特别注意,这时的英语回答与汉语回答是有区别的。
    例如:
    This isn’t yours,is it?这不是你的,是吗?
    Yes,it is.不,是我的。
    No,it isn’t.对,不是我的。
  【重点词汇】
  1. last 持续,为延续性动词,可与一段时间及How long 连用
    如:
    America Civil War lasted for four years.美国内战持续了四年。
    Our holidays lasted for ten days.我们休了十天假。
  2. always  频度副词,意思是:永远,一直,总是
  (1)always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly
ever和never是频度副词,与疑问词how often对应。它
在句中位于实义动词之前,情态动词(may,can,would,could等)、助动词(do,did,does,have,had
等)、连系动词(be)之后。
    He is always wearing that blue shirt.他总是穿着那件蓝色的衬衣。
    I always think of her in that dress.我总是想起她穿着那件连衣裙的样子。
  (2)always与进行时连用,常带有感情色彩。
    The boy is always telling lies.这孩子总是说谎。(表示生气)
    He is always talking to his father like
that.他老是那样和他父亲说话。(表示不满)
  3. alone 
  (1)alone形容词,意为“单独的;独一无二的”,只可作表语。
    I am not alone in this opinion.    不只是我一个有这想法。
  (2)alone也可作副词,意为“单独,独自”。
    He alone knows the secret.只有他一人知道秘密。
    She lived alone.她独居。
    The key alone will open the door.只有这把钥匙能开这个门。
    He did it all alone.这事是他一个人干的。
  4.cross 
  (1)cross作动词,意为“横渡,渡过;越过”。
    They crossed the road.    他们过了马路。
  (2)cross作动词时,还可表示“交叉,相交;错过”。例如:
    We crossed each other on the way. 我们在途中错过了。
  (3)近义词:pass 穿过
  5. along 
  (1)along作副词(与动词连用),意为“往前,向前”
    Let us walk along.让我们往前走。
  (2)along作副词时,还可表示“共同,一起”。例如:
    I took my brother along.
    我带着弟弟。
  (3)along还可作介词,意为“沿着”。例如:
    We walked along the river.我们沿着河走。
  6. feel like表示“感觉是,似乎”
    What’s this in my pocket? It feels like a nut.
    什么东西在我口袋里?摸上去像是个坚果。
    feel like后可接doing sth,表示“喜欢(愿意)做某事”。
    I feel like staying at home to the weekends.我喜欢周末待在家里。
  7. enjoy是带有欣赏性质的“喜欢,喜爱”,且含“享受”之意。例如:
    I think everyone enjoyed your wonderful
party.我想所有的人都非常欣赏你们的精彩晚会。
    enjoy doing表示“喜欢,乐意做某事”,指从某件事中享受到乐趣。例如:
    I enjoy listening to music.我很喜欢听音乐。
  8. be good at表示“擅长,在……方面做得好”,at后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
    He is good at swimming.他擅长游泳。
    What subjects are you good at? 你擅长哪些科目?
    She is good at math.她擅长数学。
    He is good at singing.他擅长唱歌。
    近义词组:do well in,更强调一次性做得好。
    You did well in the Chinese exam.
    你这次语文考试考得好。
  9. clean表示“打扫”,及物动词,还有形容词词性。
  (1)clean作动词,意为“打扫,弄干净”。
    The students are cleaning the classroom.学生们在打扫教室。
  (2)clean还可作形容词,意为“干净的”,其反义词为dirty。
    Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.请保持教室干净整齐。
  【重难点分析】
  1. He sure is!
    他确实很好!
  (1)此处sure是副词,意为“的确,一定”。
    It sure was a cold day.    的确是个冷天。
  (2)口语中可以单独使用,表示“同意”。
    ——Are you going? 你去吗?
    ——Sure.当然啦。
  (3)sure还常用作表语。其用法如下:
    be sure of表示“对……有把握,肯定……”。
    I’m sure of his coming.   
我确信他能来。
    be sure that… 表示“确定,确信……”。
    I’m sure that he will come.   
我确信他能来。
  2. It looks like rain,doesn’t it?   
看起来要下雨了,不是吗?
  (1)it作代词,在本句中指“天气”,it还可指“时间,距离”。例如:
    It’s a fine day today.   
今天天气很好。
    It’s seven o’clock.   
现在7点了。
    It’s two kilometers away from my home to school. 
从我家到学校有2千米远。
  (2)本句中look作系动词,后可接形容词、名词。
    She looks very sad.   
她看上去很伤心。
    You look very happy today.   
今天你看上去很高兴。
  3. Do you think it’ll stop by noon?   
你认为到中午雨会停吗?
  (1)think后引导的是一个宾语从句,用陈述句语序。
    Do you think she can carry the box? 你认为她能搬动这个箱子吗?
  (2)by表示时间,指“在……前,不迟于,到……时(为止)”,相当于before。
    Can you finish your work by 6 pm?   
下午6点前你们能完成工作吗?
    By the time we got there,the bus had already gone.    
当我们到达那儿时,公共汽车已经走了。
    by也可以表示方法、手段,意为“同,靠,用,通过”。
    by phone 用电话 
    by bus  乘公共汽车
    by还可以表示位置,意为“在……旁,靠近”相当于beside,near等。
    I sit by the window.我坐在窗子旁。
  4. I hope the bus comes soon.我希望公共汽车很快就来。
  (1)soon表示“不久,很快”,指的是时间上的“快”。
    I want to get your letter soon.我想尽快收到你的来信。
    The winter comes soon.冬天马上就要来了。
  (2)hope意为“希望”,表示的是“有把握、有信心实现某一愿望”,它后面常接动词不定式或从句作宾
    I hope to hear from you soon.我希望不久收到你的来信。
    I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天是好天气。
  5. Thank you so much for inviting me.非常感谢你邀请我。
  (1)这是对别人提出邀请的礼貌答语。thanks for后接名词或动名词形式,用for引起要表示致谢的原因,表
示“因为……而感谢你”。表示感谢最简单最常用的方式是说Thank you或Thanks(这是更随便的说法)。
    Thank you for telling me.谢谢你告诉我。
    Thank you for a delicious lunch. 谢谢你的美味午餐。
    Thank you for giving me so much help.谢谢你给了我如此多的帮助。
    Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
  (2)invite作及物动词,后常跟“人”,也常与to连用,表示“邀请某人去……”。
    She invited us to her party.
    她邀请我们参加她的聚会。
    如果你当面邀请人,不可用invite,需用would you like来表达。例如:
    Would you like to come to the party? 你们愿意来参加聚会吗?
  6. I’m going to ask my cousin,Tommy,to go with
me.我打算要我的表兄汤米和我一起去。
  (1)Tommy在本句中作my cousin的同位语,是对my cousin的补充说明。
    My sister,Jane,is a student.我妹妹,简,是一名学生。
  (2)to go在这里是ask的宾语补足语,即ask sb to do sth,表示“要求某人做某事。”例如:
    My boss asked me to finish the work before six o’clock.
    老板要求我在下午6点前完成这项工作。
    He always asks me to help him with his
homework. 他经常让我帮助他做作业。
  (3)本句中with是指“和某人在一起”,后常跟名词或代词作宾语,其后若跟人称代词时,要用宾格形式。
    I am going to the park with my mother.
    = My mother and I are going to the park.我打算和妈妈一起去公园。
    I spend a good time with my students.我和学生们共度美好时光。
  7. He said he'd help me with my math project.他说他将帮助我做数学作业。
  (1)这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句,宾语从句为过去将来时。不管是什么人称后,这个时态均由
“would+动词原形”构成,这个时态常常用在宾语从句中,特别是用于宾语从句中,其主语应是一般过去
    I knew you would agree.我知道你会同意的。
    I said l would arrange everything.我说我要安排一切。
    He told me he would wait for me outside.他告诉我他将在外边等我。
    I asked if he would come and mend my television
set.我问他可否来修我的电视机。
  (2)help sb. with sth.是固定搭配。
    May I help you with your luggage?我帮你拿行李好吗?
    Let me help you off with your coat.我来帮你脱上衣。
    Please help me up with this heavy box.请帮我把这个大箱子抬上去。
  (3)句中project意为“作业”。
    In their geography class,the children are doing a special
project on North American
Indians. 在地理课上,孩子们正在做一个有关北美印第安人的特别作业。
    I did my physics project with my classmates in my house
yesterday evening.
    昨天晚上我与我班的同学在我家做家庭作业。
  8. Paul and I are good friends. We get along well because we
both like sports.
    我和保罗是好朋友,我们相处得很好,因为我们俩都喜欢运动。
  (1)both表示“(两者)都”,在句中常用在系/助/情态动词之后,行为动词之前。
    We are both tall.我们俩都很高。
    They are both boys.他们俩都是男孩。
    We both have short hair.我们俩都留短发。
    They both go to this school.他们俩都在这所学校读书。
    My parents both like hiking.我父母都喜欢远足。
  (2)both常与and连用,意为“不但……而且……;既……又……”,用于连接两个并列成分。若连接两个主
语时,谓语动词须用复数形式。
    Both New York and London have traffic
problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
    The secretary both speaks and writes
Spanish 这位秘书不但能说而且能写西班牙语。
    Both teaching and research work are making great
strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。
  (3)get along也可写作get on,表示“相处”。例如:
    Do you get along well with your parents?  你和父母相处得好吗?
    Lily gets along well with Lucy. 莉莉和露西相处得很好。
    How do you get along with your classmates?  你和同学们相处得怎么样?
  【词语辨析】
  1. 时间介词in,on,at
  (1)表示在较长的时间里(如周/月份/季节/年份/世纪等)。
     如:
     in a week;in May;in spring/summer/autumn/winter;in 2008;in
the 1990’s等。
  (2)表示在上午、下午或晚上。如:in the morning/afternoon/evening。
  (3)in the daytime(在白天) 属于固定搭配,指从日出到日落这一段时间,反义词组是in the
  (4)“in + 一段时间”表示“多久以后/以内”,常与将来时连用。
     如:
     in half an hour;in ten minutes;in a few days等。
  on 后面所接的时间多与日期有关。具体用法有:
  (1)表示在具体的某一天(如日期、生日、节日或星期几)。
     如:
     on May 4th,1919;on Monday;on Teachers’Day;on my birthday;on
that day等。 
  (2)表示某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
     如:
     on the morning of July 2;on Sunday afternoon;on a cold
winter evening等。
  at 具体用法有:
  (1)表示在某一具体时刻,即几点几分。
     如:
     at six o’clock; at half past nine; at a quarter to six; at
this time等。
  (2)表示在某一短暂的时间。
     如:
     at noon;at this moment;at the end of a year;at the start of
the concert等。
  (3)It lasts from June to August.
  2. borrow,lend和keep的区别:
  这三个词在汉语中都可译为“借”,但其用法不同,不能互换。对于动词的主语是“借进”则用borrow,其
句型为“borrow…from…”
  I borrowed a book from the school library this afternoon.
  今天我从图书馆借了一本书。
  对于动词的主语是“借出”则用lend,其句型为“lend…to…”
  I can lend my bike to you,but you mustn't lend it to
  我可以把我的自行车借给你,但你一定不要把它借给别人。
  如果所借的东西要保留一段时间,用keep。
  “How long can I keep the
book?”“Two weeks.” “这本书我可以借多久?”“两个星期。”
  3. hope与wish均可表示“希望,想”,均可用to do不定式作宾语,不可用doing。其不同之处在于:
  (1)“wish+宾语+to do”还可表示“命令”;hope不能这样用。例如:
    I wish you to go.我要你去。
  (2)hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语,但能跟“for+名词”,表示可能实现的“希望”;wish虽也能跟“for+
名词”,但表示难以实现的“愿望”。例如:
    I hope for success.我希望成功。(可能性很大)
    I wish for a car.我很想得到小汽车。(难以实现的愿望)
  (3)hope和wish都可跟that从句,但“hope+that从句”表示“希望”;“wish+that从句”表示“愿望”,
但从句用过去时表示虚拟语气,即不太可能实现的愿望或与事实相反。例如:
    I hope you will be better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。
    I wish I were ten years younger. 但愿我能年轻10岁。
  (4)wish可跟双宾语,表示祝福。例如:
    We wish you a happy life. 祝你生活幸福。
  4. enjoy,like与love都可表达“喜爱”的意思,但含义和用法有所不同。
  (1)enjoy在意思上侧重于“享受某种乐趣”,后接名词或动名词作宾语,不能接不定式。enjoy还可以与反
身代词连用,即enjoy oneself,表示“玩得很高兴”(=have a good time)。例如:
    The man is enjoying his dinner. 那个男人正津津有味地吃饭。
    My father enjoys listening to the radio. 我父亲爱听广播。
    Did the children enjoy themselves in the park?
孩子们在公园里玩得愉快吗?
  (2)like意为“喜欢,喜爱”,是一般用语,主要是指对某人或某物产生好感或发生兴趣,不带有感情色
彩,后面可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式作宾语。例如:
    Everyone in China likes Mid-Autumn
Festival.在中国,每个人都喜欢中秋节。
    He likes his students to work hard.他喜欢他的学生努力学习。
  (3)love表示“爱,热爱,爱戴”,有强烈的感情,相当于like…very much,侧重于对祖国及较亲近的人的
深厚感情。在口语中它往往又指一般的喜爱,这时与like的意思很相近,可以互换。后面也可接名词、
动名词或动词不定式。例如:
    We love our motherland.我们热爱我们的祖国。
    They love playing / to play basketball.他们爱打篮球。
  (4)like和love都可与would,should连用,表示“愿意做某事”。例如:
    I’d like / love to go with you.我愿意和你们一起去。
  5. how often,how long,how soon与how much
  (1)how often表示“多长时间一次”或者“每隔多久一次”,often是“常常”之意,表示“次数很多”。
    —How often does Mary go to visit the
museum?  玛丽多久去参观一次博物馆?
    —Twice a year.一年两次。
    —How often do you see a film?你多长时间看一次电影?
    —Once a month.每月一次。
    —Do you know how often Lily visit her grandparents?
     你知道莉莉多长时间去看一次她的爷爷奶奶吗?
    —Once a week.     一周一次。
  (2)long表示物体的长度或时间的长度。how long表示“多长”或“多久,多长时间”之意。
    —How long can you stay at home during summer
holiday? 暑假你能在家待多久?
    —More than two months. 大约两个月。
    —How long is this river? 这条河有多长?(指长度)
    —It’s about 2658 kilometres.     大约2658公里。
  (3)how soon通常表示一般将来时,意为“再等多长时间?”“多长时间才……?”,是对“in+时间段”
(in ten minutes / two hours / a week)提问。
    Can you tell me how soon you can be ready?
你能告诉我你多久能准备好吗?
  (4)How much is / are… ? ……多少钱?
  ①若询问某一商品多少钱时,一般用How much is / are … ? 这一句型,商品是单数或不可数名词时用
&&&&&&is,商品是复数时用are。
    —How much is that sweater?     那件毛衣多少钱?
    —Two hundred and ten yuan.     210元。
    —How much are the bananas?     这些香蕉多少钱?
    —They are twenty-five yuan.    25元。
  ②询问商品的价格,还有以下几种问法:
    How much,please? 请问多少钱?
    How much do you want for it? 这些东西你要多少钱?
    How much do you say it is? 你说要多少钱?
  6. across,through与cross
    都有“穿过,通过”之意。across和through是介词,cross是动词。
  (1)cross相当于“动词+across”,常用于指“横穿”。
    Be careful when you cross the road.
    = Be careful when you go across the road.当你横穿马路时一定要小心。
  (2)across指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从某个范围的一边到另一边。它和on有关,表示从“面上”穿过。
    Can you swim across the river? 你能游过这条河吗?
  (3)though指“从……中通过”,着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头,含义与in有关。
   It took him one hour to walk through the
forest.他花费了一个小时的时间穿过那片森林。
  【习题检测】
  一. 单项填空
  1. --- Our maths teacher will go to the cinema with
us,_________?    --- Yes,I think so.
  A. won't he    B. will he   C. doesn’t he   D. does he 
  2. About ______ of the workers in the clothes factory are
  A. third fifths     B. third fifth     C. three fifths    D.
three fifth
  3. He has never visited the Great Hall of the
People,______?
  A.hasn’t he   B. has he   C.does he   D.doesn’t he
  4. We’re ______ her carefully,but we can’t ______ what she
  A. listening to,listen  B. listening,hear C. listening
to,hear  D. hearing,listen to
  5. I think _______ games is much better than _______
housework.
  A. to play;doing    B. playing;doing  C. to play;do  D.
playing;to do
  二. 单句理解
  1. My father stayed in Beijing for less than a week.
  A. He stayed there for 7 days.      B. He was there for 5
  C. He stayed there 7 days ago.      D. He stayed there for 10
  2. Miss Black had a short rest after lunch.
  A. Miss Black had a walk before lunch. 
&&& B. Miss
Black took a little rest after she had lunch.
  C. Miss Black had a talk after she had lunch.
&&& D. Miss
Black had lunch after she had a little rest.
  3. Her grandpa died three years ago.
  A. His grandma died three years
ago.  &&&&&&
B. Her grandma has been dead for three years.
  C. Her grandpa has been dead for three
years.& D. It’s thirteen years since her grandpa
  4. Kate has three oranges,Lily has six,and Linda has more than
  A. Linda has nine
oranges.  &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. Lily has more oranges than Kate.
  C. Lily has the fewest oranges of the three.  D. Linda has
fewer oranges than Kate.
  5. Peter didn’t go to bed until eleven last night.
  A. Peter didn’t go to sleep all the night.  
&&& B. Peter
went to bed at eleven last night.
  C. Peter didn’t fall asleep at eleven last night.  
&&& D. Peter
usually goes into bed at eleven.
  三. 根据句意,从方框中选择适当的词语,并以其正确的形式填空
  difference,special,lose,think about,break,watch,salt,in many
ways,repair,enough
  1. There is something wrong with the machine. It needs
  2. Mrs. Brown looked happy when she found her _______ son.
  3. -- Help yourself to some more Jiaozi.
    -- No,thank you. I have had _______.
  4. They are _______ spending the holiday in Shanghai this
  5. The _______ cup isn't mine. It's hers.
  6. There are some _______ between these two problems
  7. My father is good at cooking and he can cook meals
  8. Some people like to eat ___ fish because this kind of fish
can be kept for a long time.
  9. The suit is ______ made for the actor.
  10.While the family _______ FIFA World Cup,someone knocked at
  四. 完形填空
  A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In
his  1  he was walking in the forest
 2  two men ran out and tried to throw him on
the ground. He ran off as fast as he could, but they
 3 . He reached a place where he saw two
separated(分开的) roads in front of him. One to the right and
 4  to the left. Which road should he take? He
heard the two men behind him,getting nearer and nearer,and at the
same time he heard a  5  in his ear. It told
him to go to the right,and he did  6 . He ran
on and soon came to a small hotel. He was received(接待)there kindly
and  7  a room,and so he was saved from the
  Twenty years  8  he was again in the
Black Forest and as happened in the dream once,two men ran out and
tried to throw him down. He ran off and came to a place
 9  two roads. He followed the dream and took
the road to the right. He soon  10  a small
hotel,was taken in, and so was safe. His dream of twenty years
before had saved his life.
  1. A. story     B. dream     C. mind       D. hometown
  2. A. where     B. suddenly    C. until     &
  3. A. followed    B. stopped    C. caught him    D. went
  4. A. one other   B. other     C. the other
  & D. next
  5. A. word      B. got      C. wind       D. voice
  6. A. it       B. that      C. so        D. too
  7. A. give      B. given     C. gave       D. gives
  8. A. ago      B. before    C. later      D. since
  9. A. before     B. of       C. with       D. between
  10. A. left     B. entered    C. reached     D. saw
  五. 阅读理解
  When we do not understand each other's language,we can talk
with the help of signs.
  A Frenchman was once travelling in England. He could not speak
English at all. One day he went into a restaurant(饭店) and sat down
at a table. When the waiter came,he opened his mouth,put his
fingers in it and took them out again. He wanted to say. “Bring me
something to eat.”
  The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The man moved his
head from side to side. The waiter understood him and took the tea
away. In a moment he came with a cup of coffee. But the man again
refused(拒绝) it. He shook(摇) his head whenever the waiter brought
him something to drink,for drinks are not food.
  When the man was going away,another man came in. This man saw
the waiter,and he put his hand on his stomach(胃). That was enough.
In a few minutes there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on
the table in front of him.
  So,you see,we cannot understand the language of signs as well
as we can understand the language of words.
  1. According to the passage(根据短文),when people do not
understand each other's language,
&they can talk with the help of ___________.
  A. a waiter     
teacher  
Englishman   
&&& D. their
hands,heads,and other parts of their bodies
  2. A Frenchman signed to the waiter _________.
  A. to give him some medicine  B. to bring him a cup of
  C. to ask him for food  D. to tell him what he said
  3. The waiter brought the Frenchman _________.
  A. a cup of tea,a cup of coffee and a lot of other drinks
  B. a large plate of meat and vegetables
  C. a lot of drinks and a large plate of meat
  D. a lot of food and drinks
  4. Another man saw the waiter,and put his hands on his
stomach. He meant ________.
  A. he had a stomach-ache   B. he was hungry
  C. he was very thirsty    D. he was full
  5. From this story,we know ________.
  A. people can only understand the language of words
  B. people know the language of signs as well as the language
  C. people can make a waiter understand what they want
  D. people can only understand their languages
  参考答案:
  一. 单项填空
  1. A  英语中反意疑问句有两种形式:一是前为肯定陈述句,后为否定简短问句;二是前为否定陈述句,
&&&&&&&&&&
后为肯定简短问句。两部分的谓语在人称、时态和数上要一致,简略问句的主语要用代词。此题前
&&&&&&&&&&
句肯定,后句必须否定。前句谓语中有will,简短问句必须用will的否定式won’t。故选A。
  2. C  几分之几的表达应是three fifths,即分子是基数词,分母是序数词,分子超过一,分母后面要加
&&&&&&&&&&
  3. B  此题考查反意疑问句,由前后时态要一致的原则,选项D、C可排除,又never意为“从不”,故选
&&&&&&&&&&
B。弄清反意疑问句的特点是解题关键。
  4. C  listen to强调听的动作 hear 强调听的结果,所以C为正确答案。
  二. 单句理解
  1-5  B  B  C  B  B
  三. 根据句意,从方框中选择适当的词语,并以其正确的形式填空
  1. repairing\to be repaired   2. lost    3. enough    4.
thinking about  
  5. broken    6. differences    7. in many ways     8. salty
  9. specially    10. are watching
  四. 完型填空
  1-5 BDACD   6-10 CBCCC
  五. 阅读理解
  1.D  本文主要是讲人们彼此之间不懂语言时,可借助手势或示意动作来交流,可见D为正确选择。
  2.C  从第二节最后一句话中,可知这位法国人想吃的东西,而不是想喝饮料,所以ABD均不妥。
  3.A  通读第三节,我们可发现侍者共给这位法国人端来了一杯茶,一杯咖啡,以及其他饮料,但没有给
&&&&&&&&&&&
他任何食物。
  4.B  从第四节我们可看出,另一人手势正确,得到了他想吃东西。故B为正确答案。
  5.B  本题需要通读全文方可确定,文中例子说明B为正确选择,容易混淆的是C项,其实人们只有正确地
&&&&&&&&&&&
使用手势方可使侍者理解,文中法国人便是一例。
  常用介词介绍
  (一)表示时间的介词:
  1.at, on, in
  (1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时间点”
  at 5:30  在5:30   at sunrise 日出时   at lunch 午饭时
  at noon  正午时  at night 夜间
  I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6:00起床。
  表示“在……岁”时用at the age of…。
  如:at the age of five 在五岁时
  (2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:
  on Monday在星期一   on April 1st在四月一日
  I heard a shot on the morning of March 18.三月十八日早晨我听到一声枪响。
  泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at
night;但若指具体某一天的上述
时段时,则一律用on。
  如:on the afternoon of May 23 在五月二十三日下午
  (3) in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
  in September  在九月     in winter        在冬季
  in 1999     在1999年    in the 20th century  在20世纪
  in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
  2.for, during, through
  (1) for表示“一段时间”,后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时连用。
  I’ve been a soldier for 5 years.我入伍已5年了。
  She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
  表示“持续一段时间”时,for后面必须跟“数字+时间名词”,而during后决不可接数字。
  (2) during表示“在……期间”
  He visited many nice places during his stay
here.在他逗留期间他参观了许多美丽的地方。
  What did you do during the summer vacation? 你在暑假做了什么?
  (3) through表示“一直……,自始至终”
  They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
  She treated me like her brother through these years.
这些年来她始终把我当哥哥对待。
  3.from, since
  (1)  from 作“从……”解,多用于“from…to/till…”中。
  You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
  The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。
  ①from“从……(开始)”未必持续到现在,如:
  from 1995 to 1998.从1995年到1998年。
  而since是指“自从……以来一直持续到现在”
  ②since一般只与现在完成时连用,而from不受此限。
  (2) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”
  He has been away from home since 1973.他自从1973年就离开了家乡。
  We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。
  for与since表示一段时间,但for与时间段连用,而since与时间点连用。
  如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week自从上周直到现在
  4.before, by, till, until
  (1) before指“在……之前”
  Please come before ten o’clock.请10点以前来。
  The meeting will end after 3:00 p.m. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
  表示“在……以前”时,before与by基本可通用。但by还有“截至……为止”之意,此时可与完成时连用,
而before一般不与完成时连用。如:
  How many models have you made by the end of last month?
  截至上月底你做了多少个模型?
  (2) by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”
  I must finish my homework by lunch.午饭前我必须做完作业。
  We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. 
  到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
  (3) tell (until) “直到……为止”
  You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必须一直等他到明天。
  He didn’t come back until twelve o’clock last
night.他昨晚到12点才回来。
  在肯定句中,till (until)必须与延续动词连用。若与点动词连用,till (until)只能用于否定句中。
  5.after,  in, 
  ①after表示“在……之后”,是before的反义词。
  We’ll hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我们将举办晚会。
  He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌症,一年后去世了。
  I’ll phone you after I arrive.到达后我给你打电话。(after作连词)
  ②within“在……时间之内”
  I can finish it within an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。
  ③in“在……时间之后”
  I’ll arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。
  比 较   after与in
  ①after后可跟时间段,也可跟时间点,如after school(放学后),
  而in后必须跟一段时间,如in an hour(一小时后)。
  ②after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时,而in只能用于将来时。
  ③after既可作介词,又可作连词,而in只能作介词
  in与within后都必须跟时间段。
  (二)表示“地点、方向”的介词:
  1.in,outside,between,
  ①in表示“在……里面”,如:
  What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?
  She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。
  ②outside指“在……外面”
  There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。
  What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么?
  ③between在……之间(指二者)
  There is a hospital between the hotel and the post
office.在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。
  The building stands between the park and the small river.
那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。  
  between是指“在两者之间”,而among指“在多个之间”。
  ④among在……之间(指三者以上)
  “There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the
  警察向人群喊道:“你们中间有个小偷!”
  He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。
  2.on, above, over, below, under
  (1) on在……上面,表面相互接触。
  There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。
  On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。
  (2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,与below相对。
  A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
  The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。
  (3) over“在……正上方”,与under相对。
  There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
  The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。
  (4) below在……下方,低于……
  There are many flowers below the window.窗下有很多花。
  Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子刚到膝盖下。
  (5) under在……正下方
  They sat under a big tree, drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。
  What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?
  3.near, by, beside
  (1) near在……附近,与far相对
  A hospital was built near the railway
station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。
  My home is near the school. 我的家离学校很近。
  (2) by = beside,靠近,在……旁边,比near距离更近 
  He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。
  He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。
  4.in front of, behind, around
  (1) in front of在……前面
  A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河
  They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door.
他们在门前放了一束花。     
  in the front of表示“在……前部”,指里面。
  There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅子。
  (2) behind在……后面
  A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。
  The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。
  (3) around在……周围,围绕
  There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。
  There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。
  5.from, to, for, into, out of
  (1) from从……
  The train started from Paris.火车发自巴黎。
  She will fly from Beijing to Hong Kong. 她将从北京飞往香港。
  (2) to到……(目的地)去,向……
  He went to Germany last year.他去年去了德国。
  They got to the town very late. 他们很晚才到那个镇。
  (3) for向……,表目的方向
  He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。
  The train for Shanghai has been away. 去往上海的火车已经开走了。
  towards, to和for都可表示“向……”,其区别如下:
  ①towards仅指朝向某个方向,不一定是目的地,而 to和for都是“向目的地”。
  ②for作“向(目的地)”时,常用于固定搭配中,如: start for
  (4) into进入
  Please put the water into the bottle.请把水倒入瓶子里。
  The teacher came into the classroom with a smile.
老师微笑着走进了教室。
  (5) out of从……出来
  A beautiful girl in red went out of the
shop.一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来。
  They pulled him out of the water. 他们把他从水里拉了出来。
  6.along, across, through
  (1) along沿着
  He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。
  There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road /
street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。
  (2) across横穿
  The little girl is afraid to go across the
street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。
  It’s dangerous to run across the busy road.
跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。
  (3) through穿过
  It took us ten minutes to drive through the
tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。
  He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform.
他从人群里挤到了站台。
  7.at, in
  二者都表示“在某个地方”,但at多指较小的地方,如车站、家等,而in多指在“大地方”,如城市、国
家、大洲等。(但大小有时也是相对的)。
  He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in
Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。
  The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飞机将于13点到达北京。
  三、其它用途的介词:
表示“标准或单位”的介词:at, for,
  (1) at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”
  He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时80英里的速度行驶。
  I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。
  (2) for用……交换
  I bought it for 20 dollars.买它花了我20美元。
  How much for these apples? 这些苹果多少钱?
  at与for都表示价格,但at表示“单价”,for表示总价,at后一般跟“price”这个词,而for后只能跟总钱
  如:I bought it at a low price.我买它的价格很低。
  I bought it at the price of $80 a pound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。
  I sold it for $10.我10美元把它卖掉了。
  (3) by以……计,后跟度量单位
  Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。
  They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。
  2.表示“材料”的介词:of,
  (1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。
  This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。
  This salad is made of apples and strawberries.
这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
  (2) from表示从成品已看不出原料。
  Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。
  The lifeboat is made from some special material.
这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
  (3) in用……材料。  常用write, speak, talk, answer等连用。
  Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
  They talk in English.他们用英语交谈。
  in指材料时,材料前不用冠词。
  比较:用铅笔画
  3.表示“工具或手段”的介词:by,
  (1) by凭借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如:  by bus乘公共汽车,by plane乘飞机
  He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑车去上班。
  He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。
  表示搭乘交通工具时,既可用by,又可用in,区别在于用by时,表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词,而用in
时名词前必须加冠词。
  (2) with用……工具
  He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把窗户打破了。
  He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用右脚把球停住。
  with表示“用……工具”时,工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。
  (3) on以……方式。多用于固定词组。
  They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。
  She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
  4.表示“关于”的介词:of,
  (1) of仅指“关于”人或事物的存在,如:
  He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。
  He thought of this matter yesterday.他昨天想到了这件事。
  He thought about this matter yesterday.他昨天考虑了这件事。
  (2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
  It’s a book for children about Africa and its people.
  它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。
  Can you tell me something about yourself?
你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
  (3) on是指“关于”学术性的或严肃的,供专门研究用的。
  It’s a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
  5.表示“原因、理由”的介词:for,
at, from, of, with
  (1) for表示“一般的理由”常与famous, punish等词连用。
  Xi’an is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。
  The city is well known for her large population.
这座城市以人口众多而知名。
  (2) at一般指“情感”的原因,通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情”的动词或形容词之后,表示“因听到或
看到而……”。
  She got angry at his words.她因为他的话生气了。
  (3) from表示“外在的原因”。如受伤、车祸等。
  He died from the wound.他因受伤而致死。
  Her son was badly hurt in a traffic accident.
她儿子在一次车祸中严重受伤。
  (4) of表示“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。
  He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
  The old man died of hunger.老人死于饥饿。
  (5) with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因。
  He shook with cold.他因寒冷而发抖。
  He shouted loudly with anger. 他气得大喊大叫。
  6.like, as
  (1) like像……一样(其实不是)
  The little tiger looks like a cat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。
  The mooncakes are like the moon. 月饼像月亮。
  (2) as作为,以……身份(其实是)
  He was hanged as a spy.他被作为间谍绞死了。
  He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
  7.against, for
  against反对,与for是反义词,如:
  Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法?
  They fought against the enemy. 他们抗击敌人。
  8.besides,
except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as
  He is interested in tennis besides(as well
as)football. 除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。
  (1)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示两部
分的相似性。
  Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
  除他以外,还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)
  We like biology besides English.除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)
  (2)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。
  Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)
  All the visitors are Japanese except him.
  除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
  介词的省略
  在以下几种情况中,介词常常省略。
  1.当表示时间的词前有this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any,
all等时,介词应省略。
  We watched an exciting football match last week.(last
week前不能用介词in等)
  上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
  Come any day you like. 你想哪天来就哪天来。
  Come on any day you like.(&)
  next前可以加冠词,但意义不同。
  next week下周(以现在为起点)
  the next week第二周(以过去某时为起点)
  2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词,且不定冠词作“每一……”解时,前面不用介词,如:
  每小时80英里。
  80 miles in an hour.(&)
  80 miles an hour.()
  An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天吃一个苹果,医生不找我。
  3.含有way的短语。如:in the same way, in this/that way, in another
way等用于句末时,in常省
  She did it the same way.她用同样的方法做的。
Review of units 6---8
  一. 重点词汇短语
  1. feel like
    意思是“觉得好像…”,相当于feel as if/feel as
though,like为介词,其后可加名词或句子做宾
  & &When he knew he was
cheated,he felt like a fool.当他得知被骗后,觉得自己像一个傻瓜。
    feel like 还有“想做某事”的意思,其后要接doing形式。
    如:
    He felt like eating something,because he was very
hungry. 他想吃些东西,他太饿了。
  (1)would like 的意思为“想做某事”,但是它的用法不同于feel like,后面要接to do sth.
    如:
    He would like to swim in the river.他要去河里游泳。
  (2)would love 也是同样的用法。
    如:
    I would love to go to Japan.我想去日本。
  2. answer,reply和respond
  (1)answer 表示“回答”的意思是普通用语,使用范围较广,指对问

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